Lambobi a cikin Alƙur'ani da Sunnah

Surori ɗari da goma sha huɗu. Salloli biyar na kowace rana. Sunaye casa'in da tara. Wasu lambobi a Musulunci sun saba mana sosai har ba ma yawan tsayawa mu tambayi daga ina suka fito, ko me ke bayansu. Kowanne yana da tushe, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu suna da labari game da rahamar Allah.

Wannan rubutun yana tattara lambobi tabbatattu daga Alƙur'ani da ingantacciyar Sunnah: yadda ake ƙirga Alƙur'ani da raba shi, lambobin sallah, na Sunaye da na annabawa, sammai bakwai, da wata aya da aka canza lamba a cikinta don sauƙaƙa nauyi. Kowanne yana tare da tushensa. A ƙarshe akwai gajeren bayani kan abin da muka bari da gangan: ilimin lambobi na camfi.

Surori 114

Alƙur'ani yana da surori 114, daga al-Fātiḥah zuwa an-Nās. Mafi tsawo, al-Baqarah, tana da ayoyi 286; mafi gajarta, kamar al-ʿAṣr, al-Kawthar da an-Naṣr, suna da uku-uku. Kowace sura tana farawa da Bismillāh ar-Raḥmān ar-Raḥīm sai ɗaya, at-Tawbah (9). Jumlar ta sake fitowa sau ɗaya a cikin wata sura, a wasiƙar Sulaimanu zuwa ga Sarauniyar Saba'i (Alƙur'ani 27:30), don haka ta zo sau 114 gaba ɗaya.

Kanun surori a cikin mushafi na yau da kullum suna ɗaukar surori 86 a matsayin Makkiyya (waɗanda suka sauka kafin Hijira) da 28 a matsayin Madaniyya (waɗanda suka sauka bayanta). Malamai sun saɓa game da 'yan surori kaɗan, don haka wannan rabe-raben da aka saba ne, ba ijma'i a kan kowacce ba. Surori ashirin da tara suna farawa da haruffa daban-daban, kamar Alif Lām Mīm (Alƙur'ani 2:1), waɗanda aka ɗauko daga haruffa goma sha huɗu na baƙaƙe. Ma'anarsu Allah ne ya sani, kuma malamai suna gargaɗi game da karanta wani lissafi a cikinsu.

Ayoyi 6,236, da dalilin da yasa akwai wasu ƙidayoyi

Idan kuka ƙirga ayoyin da ke cikin mushafi da aka buga na yau da kullum a yau, za ku samu 6,236. Wannan jimilla tana bin ƙidayar Kufa, wato yadda malaman Kufa suka raba ayoyi, wadda ita ce ƙidayar da ake amfani da ita tare da karatun Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim da aka buga a yawancin duniya.

Sauran cibiyoyi na farko, Madina, Makka, Basra da Dimashƙa, suna da nasu ƙidayoyin, kuma jimillarsu ta ɗan bambanta. Wannan yakan ba mutane mamaki, amma babu abin da ke canzawa a cikin nassin. Kalmomin iri ɗaya ne; ƙidayoyin suna bambanta ne kawai a inda wasu 'yan ayoyi suke ƙarewa. Wuri ɗaya da za ku ga haka shi ne al-Fātiḥah: ƙidayar Kufa tana ɗaukar Basmala a matsayin aya ta farko, yayin da wasu ƙidayoyin ba sa ƙirga ta a matsayin aya, maimakon haka suna raba aya ta ƙarshe gida biyu, don haka al-Fātiḥah tana da ayoyi bakwai ta kowace hanya. Raymond Farrin ya kwatanta tsarin dalla-dalla a wani bincike na 2019 (Farrin, 2019). Ƙidaya daban-daban, nassi ɗaya.

Juzu'i 30: taswirar mai karatu

Yawancin mushafai suna raba Alƙur'ani zuwa sassa 30 (juzu'i), kowanne an raba shi zuwa hizbi biyu, kowane hizbi kuma zuwa rubu'i: hizbi 60 da alamomin rubu'i 240 gaba ɗaya. An ƙara waɗannan rabe-rabe daga baya don taimaka wa mutane tsara karatunsu. Ba sa cikin nassin da aka saukar, kuma ba koyaushe suke faɗawa a farkon sura ko labari ba.

Duk da haka suna nuna wata shawara ta gaske. Annabi ﷺ ya ce wa ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAmr ya sauke Alƙur'ani sau ɗaya a wata; da ʿAbdullāh ya ce zai iya fiye da haka, a ƙarshe ya ce masa ya sauke shi cikin kwana bakwai ba ƙasa da haka ba (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5054). Juzu'i ɗaya a rana yana sauke shi a wata ɗaya, shi ya sa mutane da yawa suke karanta juzu'i ɗaya a rana a Ramadan (duba jagorarmu ta Ramadan).

Salloli biyar, raka'a goma sha bakwai

An ba Annabi ﷺ salloli biyar na kowace rana a daren Isra'i da Mi'raji. Umarnin ya fara ne da salloli hamsin a rana. Bisa shawarar Musa (aminci ya tabbata a gare shi), Annabi ﷺ ya koma ya roƙi a rage, sau da yawa, har suka zama biyar, sai Allah ya ce: waɗannan biyar ne, kuma su hamsin ne, domin maganata ba ta canzawa (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 349). Salloli biyar da za a yi, ladan hamsin da za a karɓa.

Raka'o'insu (raka'a) su ne Asuba biyu, Azahar huɗu, La'asar huɗu, Magariba uku da Isha huɗu: goma sha bakwai gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda Musulmi suke yin su a aiki marar yankewa tun zamanin Annabi ﷺ. ʿĀʾishah ta bayyana cewa an fara wajabta sallah ne raka'a biyu; sannan aka ƙara sallar zaman gida, yayin da sallar matafiyi ta tsaya yadda take (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 350). Shi ya sa matafiyi yake taƙaita salloli masu raka'a huɗu zuwa biyu (Alƙur'ani 4:101).

Akwai wasu ƙarin lambobi game da sallah. Sallar jam'i ta fi sallar mutum shi kaɗai da daraja ashirin da bakwai, a ruwayar Ibn ʿUmar (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 645, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 650), da ashirin da biyar a ruwayar Abū Saʿīd (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 646). Malamai suna haɗa su biyun ta hanyoyi da dama, kuma dukkansu ingantattu ne. A sujada, gaɓoɓin jiki bakwai suna taɓa ƙasa: goshi tare da hanci, hannaye biyu, gwiwoyi biyu da yatsun ƙafafu biyu (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 812). Kuma bayan sallah, tasbihi, godiya da kabbara ga Allah sau talatin da uku kowanne, sannan cika ɗari, yana da babban alƙawarin gafara (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 597; duba azkar bayan sallah).

Salloli biyar da za a yi, ladan hamsin da za a karɓa.

Sunaye casa'in da tara

Annabi ﷺ ya ce: “Allah yana da sunaye casa'in da tara, ɗari ɗaya ban da ɗaya. Duk wanda ya ƙididdige su zai shiga Aljanna” (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6410, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2677). Malamai sun bayyana cewa “ƙididdige” su yana nufin fiye da karanta jeri: sanin su, fahimtar su, da rayuwa bisa abin da suke koyarwa.

Hadisin da ke cikin al-Bukhārī da Muslim bai lissafa Sunayen ba. Shahararren jerin da mutane suke haddacewa ya fito ne daga wata doguwar ruwaya a cikin Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī (3507), kuma malaman hadisi da yawa suna ganin cewa jerin kansa wani mai ruwaya ne ya ƙara shi, ba daga Annabi ﷺ yake ba. Shi ya sa jerin da malamai daban-daban suka tattara suke ɗan bambanta, kowanne an tattara shi daga Alƙur'ani da ingantattun hadisai. Yawancin malamai kuma sun fahimci hadisin a matsayin bayanin wani rukuni na musamman na Sunaye, ba iyaka ga Sunayen Allah ba. Jagorarmu ta Sunayen Allah 99 tana bayyana su ɗaya bayan ɗaya, tare da tushe.

Annabawa ashirin da biyar da aka ambata da suna

Alƙur'ani ya ambaci annabawa ashirin da biyar da sunayensu, goma sha takwas daga cikinsu a wuri guda (Alƙur'ani 6:83–86). Ya kuma ce akwai manzannin da Allah ya ba mu labarinsu da wasu da bai ba mu labarinsu ba (Alƙur'ani 4:164), don haka ashirin da biyar shi ne adadin da za mu iya ambata da tabbaci, ba adadin da suka kasance ba. Mun yi rubutu game da dukkan ashirin da biyar, da yadda rayuwarsu ta zama katunan labari, a cikin Annabawa ashirin da biyar, fage ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Sammai bakwai

Alƙur'ani yana magana kan sammai bakwai, da aka halitta hawa-hawa (Alƙur'ani 67:3), da kuma ƙasa “kwatankwacinsu” (Alƙur'ani 65:12). A labarin Isra'i da Mi'raji, an ɗauki Annabi ﷺ sama ta cikin sammai ɗaya bayan ɗaya, yana haɗuwa da wani annabi a kowacce (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 349). Ayoyin sun ba da adadin; yanayinsu kuma na gaibu ne. Wani lokaci za ku ga ana daidaita su da layukan sararin samaniya (atmosphere), amma Alƙur'ani bai faɗi haka ba, mu ma ba ma faɗa.

Lambar da aka canza don sauƙaƙa nauyi

Ɗaya daga cikin lambobi mafi ban mamaki a cikin Alƙur'ani rabo ne da ya canza daga aya ɗaya zuwa ta gaba. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na farko, an gaya wa muminai cewa ashirin masu haƙuri za su rinjayi ɗari biyu: ɗaya a kan goma (Alƙur'ani 8:65). Aya ta gaba kai tsaye ta sauƙaƙa shi:

Daga ɗaya a kan goma zuwa ɗaya a kan biyu. Ibn ʿAbbās ya bayyana cewa umarnin farko ya yi wa Musulmi nauyi, don haka Allah ya sauƙaƙa shi, kuma haƙurinsu ya ragu gwargwadon sauƙaƙawar (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4652, 4653). Darasin ya wuce yaƙi nesa ba kusa ba: Allah ya san raunin mu, kuma shari'arsa tana la'akari da shi.

Lambobin rahama da lada

• Goma, da ɗari bakwai. Ana rubuta kyakkyawan aiki a matsayin goma kwatankwacinsa (Alƙur'ani 6:160). Ciyarwa a tafarkin Allah kamar ƙwaya ce da ta fitar da zangarniya bakwai, da ƙwaya ɗari a kowace zangarniya: ɗari bakwai (Alƙur'ani 2:261). Annabi ﷺ ya ce ana rubuta kyakkyawan aiki daga ninki goma har zuwa ninki ɗari bakwai da fiye, yayin da mummunan aiki da aka aikata ake rubuta shi ɗaya, wanda kuma aka yi niyya kawai ba a aikata ba ana rubuta shi kyakkyawan aiki (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6491, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 131).
• Watanni dubu. Lailatul Ƙadari ta fi watanni dubu alheri (Alƙur'ani 97:3), fiye da shekaru tamanin da uku, ya fi tsawon rayuwar yawancin mutane.
• Watanni goma sha biyu, huɗu masu alfarma. Adadin watanni a wurin Allah goma sha biyu ne, huɗu daga cikinsu masu alfarma (Alƙur'ani 9:36), kuma kowane wata na kalandar wata kwana ashirin da tara ne ko talatin (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1913).
• Kashi ɗaya cikin arba'in. Zakkar azurfa kashi ɗaya ne cikin arba'in, rubu'in ushuri, kashi biyu da rabi cikin ɗari, idan ta kai dirhami ɗari biyu (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1454).
• Ƙofofi takwas. Aljanna tana da ƙofofi takwas, ɗaya daga cikinsu, ar-Rayyān, ta masu azumi ce (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3257).

Lambobi a cikin labarai

Labaran Alƙur'ani suna da nasu lambobin. Nuhu ya zauna a cikin mutanensa shekaru dubu ban da hamsin (Alƙur'ani 29:14). An ba Musa darare talatin, aka cika su da ƙarin goma, suka zama arba'in (Alƙur'ani 7:142). Samarin kogo sun zauna a cikinsa shekaru ɗari uku, da ƙarin tara (Alƙur'ani 18:25). Kuma game da adadinsu, Alƙur'ani ya rubuta hasashen mutane na uku, biyar da bakwai, sannan ya ce: Ubangijina ne mafi sanin adadinsu (Alƙur'ani 18:22). Wani lokaci abu mafi muhimmanci da lamba take koyarwa shi ne lokacin da za a daina ƙirga.

Abin da muka bari: ilimin lambobi na camfi

Ku nemi “lambobi a cikin Alƙur'ani” za ku ga ilimin lambobi na camfi da sauri: da'awowin cewa wata kalma ta fito daidai adadin kwanakin shekara, ko cewa gaba ɗayan nassin an gina shi a kan lamba goma sha tara. Awwab ya cire waɗannan da gangan. Irin waɗannan ƙidayoyi suna canzawa gwargwadon waɗanne siffofin kalma kuka haɗa, waɗanne ayoyi kuka ƙirga, da waɗanne kuka tsallake, don haka da isassun zaɓuɓɓuka kusan kowane tsari za a iya “gano” shi. Ba hujja ba ne, kuma Alƙur'ani ba ya buƙatar su.

Lamba goma sha tara kanta ta cancanci a karanta ta a cikin mahallinta. Alƙur'ani ya ce game da Wuta, “A kanta akwai goma sha tara” (Alƙur'ani 74:30), kuma aya ta gaba ta bayyana cewa an sanya adadin masu tsaronta jarabawa, domin waɗanda aka ba Littafi su sami yaƙini kuma muminai su ƙaru da imani (Alƙur'ani 74:31). Alƙur'ani ya gaya mana dalilin lambar. Mu kuma mun tsaya a nan.

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan rubutun sun bambanta. Kowanne an faɗe shi a cikin aya ko ingantaccen hadisi, ko kuma ƙidaya ce kawai ta mushafi, kuma kowanne yana koyar da wani abu. Katunan Shiriya namu suna da cikakken rukuni na su, Lambobi a cikin Alƙur'ani da Sunnah, da kowane tushe a bayan kati, kuma Inganci a koyaushe yana bayyana yadda muke tantance su.

Tambayoyin da aka fi yi

Tushe

Nassoshin Alƙur'ani suna buɗe ayar a quran.com, nassoshin hadisi kuma suna buɗe ruwayar a sunnah.com, inda za ku iya karanta cikakken rubutun. Malaman hadisi sun karɓi ruwayoyin da ke cikin Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī da Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim a matsayin ingantattu; ga sauran littattafai, an ba da darajar hadisin a gefen nassin.

1. Alƙur'ani 27:30: Basmala a cikin wasiƙar Sulaimanu.
2. Alƙur'ani 2:1: haruffa daban-daban, Alif Lām Mīm.
3. Alƙur'ani 4:101: taƙaita sallah a tafiya.
4. Alƙur'ani 6:83–86 da 4:164: annabawan da aka ambata da suna, da manzannin da ba a ambata ba.
5. Alƙur'ani 67:3 da 65:12: sammai bakwai, da ƙasa kwatankwacinsu.
6. Alƙur'ani 8:65 da 8:66: ɗaya a kan goma, aka sauƙaƙa zuwa ɗaya a kan biyu.
7. Alƙur'ani 6:160 da 2:261: goma ga kyakkyawan aiki; ƙwayar ɗari bakwai.
8. Alƙur'ani 97:3 da 9:36: mafi alheri daga watanni dubu; watanni goma sha biyu, huɗu masu alfarma.
9. Alƙur'ani 29:14, 7:142, 18:25 da 18:22: shekaru 950 na Nuhu, darare arba'in na Musa, da samarin kogo.
10. Alƙur'ani 74:30 da 74:31: “a kanta akwai goma sha tara”, da dalilin da yasa aka ba da lambar.
11. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5054: ku sauke Alƙur'ani a wata ɗaya, kuma ba ƙasa da kwana bakwai ba.
12. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 349: Isra'i da Mi'raji: salloli hamsin sun zama biyar; sammai bakwai.
13. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 350: an fara wajabta sallah raka'a biyu.
14. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 645 da Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 650: jam'i ya fi da daraja ashirin da bakwai.
15. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 646: jam'i ya fi da daraja ashirin da biyar.
16. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 812: sujada a kan ƙasusuwa bakwai.
17. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 597: talatin da uku na kowanne bayan sallah, a cika ɗari.
18. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6410 da Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2677: Allah yana da sunaye casa'in da tara.
19. Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3507 (malaman hadisi da yawa suna ganin cewa wani mai ruwaya ne ya ƙara jerin, ba maganar Annabi ﷺ ba ce): ruwayar da ta lissafa Sunayen.
20. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4652 da Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4653: Ibn ʿAbbās kan 8:65–66.
21. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6491 da Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 131: ana rubuta kyawawan ayyuka daga ninki goma zuwa ninki ɗari bakwai da fiye.
22. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1913: wata kwana ashirin da tara ne ko talatin.
23. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1454: zakkar azurfa: kashi ɗaya cikin arba'in.
24. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3257: ƙofofi takwas na Aljanna, da ar-Rayyān.
25. Farrin R. (2019). The verse numbering systems of the Qurʾān: a statistical and literary comparison. Journal of the International Qur’anic Studies Association.
26. Tanzil, Qur’an metadata, ƙidayar surori, ayoyi, juzu'i da hizbi na mushafi na yau da kullum.